Haj, Handicap within the Antiquity, q
Record of your own American Oriental Community 58: 235-40. Heading representations off Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, is actually discussed, that have attention of the culture detailed because of the al-Nadim (writing c. 987 Le) that Mani is lame in ft or perhaps in their right toes. One to tradition could be supported by retranslation away from a phrase inside the new Pahlavi Denkart (3.two hundred, 1-13) (pick Dinkard, above), applying the label ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ to help you Mani (discover below, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, based on Michael Dols, he discussed “bodily infirmities such as skin problems, lameness, paralysis, and you will deafness and personal qualities eg hair loss, leanness, and ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The newest Lepers, new Lame, the brand new Blind, and also the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is actually a prolific, influential and you will notably ugly writer which have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), within Basra (today when you look at the Iraq), whoever performs might have been far cited along side Arab industry. ” His point was to reveal that “bodily infirmities and you can peculiarities don’t obstruct one from becoming a fully effective member of the newest Muslim society or club your regarding important practices. Al-Jahiz handled you to definitely real problems commonly social stigmas but they are what tends to be called signs and symptoms of divine blessing otherwise favor.” (Yards Dols, 1983, The new leper when you look at the Gothic Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, on p. 901) Even with his own connection with bad social reactions, al-Jahiz in another of their most readily useful-known works, ‘The Wonders regarding Creation’, typed harshly regarding social regions of deafness. Apart from the deaf man or woman’s death of songs, “People are bored in his team and then he is an encumbrance in it. He’s incapable of hear all people’s tales and you may talks. Regardless if introduce it’s as if the guy were missing, and although alive it is because if he have been inactive.” (quoted from the F. v., p. 159). Get a hold of 2nd situations. An alternate commentator cards one “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is among the most hard works by Jahiz, and its particular situation is practically book in the historic Arabic literature. (There does not seem to be an English translation offered by present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifetime from inside the Old Asia as the Illustrated on the Jain Canons. Bombay: The new Guide Providers. Disorder and you can treatment, along with individuals handicaps, regarding Jaina supplies (pp. 178-81). Those with disabilities, together with mental retardation, are excluded of signing up for spiritual instructions (194). Discover Tattvartha Sutra, below; along with 2nd a few things).
[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras interpreted regarding Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, dos vols, (1884 and you will 1895), SBE 22 & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The new SBE show utilized an italicised ‘G’ in lieu of ‘J’, definitely explanations. Right here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted regarding the regular alphabetical acquisition for comfort.] – The newest Akaranga Sutra (in vol. I), from even the 5th century Le, gave education getting a holy and you will innocuous life. Disability and you can disability arrive, elizabeth.grams. “with the destruction of the attitudes of ear, eyes, areas out of smell, sampling, holding, a man gets familiar with this new decline off life” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fresh fruit off completely wrong serves in the before existence try: “Comes and you may leprosy, use, dropping disease, blindness and hardness, lameness and you may humpbackedness, Dropsy and you will dumbness, search! apoplexy (?) and attention-disease, shaking and crippledness, elephantiasis and you can all forms of diabetes, They are 16 illness specified during the owed acquisition; along with all of them many illnesses and you will wounds occur.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step one.] Yet , proper-inclined individuals will be take the time to have fun with harmless terms and conditions when appointment anyone with instance requirements. They “must not chat of these along these lines: ‘He has got boils or leprosy, etc [incorporating the terminology revealed significantly more than]; their hand is slashed, or their feet, nostrils, ear canal, lip is actually cut.’ To own once the all of the these people, verbal so you’re able to in such code, end up being upset, and this, provided really, they want to perhaps not talk to all of them such code.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) 2.] – The Uttaradhyayana Sutra (in the Vol. II) in addition to cards handicap that have age, “Whether your muscles develops dated, plus locks turns white, the effectiveness of your ears minimizes”, furthermore for the vision, nose, tongue Thaimaa-naiset, contact (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. – The Sutrakritanga Sutra (inside the Vol. II) says in passing the fresh new “blind-born people” (p. 243), and you may “guys just who walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering after relationships is informed of your awful disablement regarding you to definitely situation: getting purchased throughout the out of start right until midnight from the wife, and the remainder of the evening relaxing newborns and washing the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks whom get involved in sensual pleasures was promised still tough disquiet after they perish; immediately after which it “is produced deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: sometimes blind by the beginning, otherwise surely foolish or unaware], or stupid because of the delivery.” (p. 363; similar on the pp. 367, 430) [Bk 2 (2); and you can dos (7)].
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